75.160.30 (Gaseous fuels) 标准查询与下载

ASTM D1267-02 液化石油(LP)气(液化石油气法)蒸气气压的标准试验方法

1.1 This test method covers the determination of the gage vapor pressures of liquefied petroleum gas products at temperatures of 37.8176;C (100176;F) up to and including a test temperature of 70176;C (158176;F).1.2 The values stated in acceptable metric units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see 3.2.1 and Annex A2.

Standard Test Method for Gage Vapor Pressure of Liquefied Petroleum (LP) Gases (LP-Gas Method)

ASTM D1267-02(2007) 液化石油(LP)气(液化石油气法)蒸气气压的标准试验方法

Information on the vapor pressures of liquefied petroleum gas products under temperature conditions from 37.8 to 70°C (100 to 158°F) is pertinent to selection of properly designed storage vessels, shipping containers, and customer utilization equipment to ensure safe handling of these products. Determination of the vapor pressure of liquefied petroleum gas is important for safety reasons to ensure that the maximum operating design pressures of storage, handling, and fuel systems will not be exceeded under normal operating temperature conditions. For liquefied petroleum gases, vapor pressure is an indirect measure of the most extreme low temperature conditions under which initial vaporization can be expected to occur. It can be considered a semi-quantitative measure of the amount of the most volatile material present in the product.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the gage vapor pressures of liquefied petroleum gas products at temperatures of 37.8176;C (100176;F) up to and including a test temperature of 70176;C (158176;F).1.2 The values stated in acceptable metric units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see 3.2.1 and Annex A2.

Standard Test Method for Gage Vapor Pressure of Liquefied Petroleum (LP) Gases (LP-Gas Method)

ASTM D1837-02a(2007) 液化石油气挥发性的标准试验方法

Volatility, expressed in terms of the 95 % evaporated temperature of the product, is a measure of the amount of least volatile components present in the product. Coupled with a vapor pressure limit, it serves to ensure essentially single-component products in the cases of commercial grades of propane and butane. When volatility is coupled with a vapor pressure limit which has been related to density, as in the case of the commercial PB-mixture, the combination serves to assure essentially two component mixtures for such fuels. When coupled with a proper vapor pressure limit, this measurement serves to assure that special-duty propane products will be composed chiefly of propane and propylene and that propane will be the major constituent.1.1 This test method is a measure of the relative purity of the various types of liquefied petroleum (LP) gases and helps to ensure suitable volatility performance. The test results, when properly related to vapor pressure and density of the product, can be used to indicate the presence of butane and heavier components in propane type LP-gas, and pentane and heavier components in propane-butane and butane type fuels. The presence of hydrocarbon compounds less volatile than those of which the LP-gas is primarily composed is indicated by an increase in the 95 % evaporated temperature.1.2 When the type and concentration of higher boiling components is required, chromatographic analysis should be used.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Volatility of Liquefied Petroleum (LP) Gases

ASTM E2079-01 限制气体和蒸气中氧浓度的标准试验方法

1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the limiting oxygen (oxidant) concentration of mixtures of oxygen (oxidant) and inert gases with flammable gases and vapors at a specified initial pressure and initial temperature.1.2 These test methods may also be used to determine the limiting concentration of oxidizers other than oxygen.1.3 Differentiation among the different combustion regimes (such as the hot flames, cool flames and exothermic reactions) is beyond the scope of these test methods.1.4 These test methods should be used to measure and describe the properties of materials, products, or assemblies in response to heat and flame under controlled laboratory conditions and should not be used to describe or appraise the fire hazard or fire risk of materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions. However, results of this test may be used as elements of a fire risk assessment which takes into account all of the factors which are pertinent to an assessment of the fire hazard of a particular end use.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Methods for Limiting Oxygen (Oxidant) Concentration in Gases and Vapors

ASTM D1837-01 液化石油气挥发性的标准试验方法

1.1 This test method is a measure of the relative purity of the various types of liquefied petroleum (LP) gases and helps to ensure suitable volatility performance. The test results, when properly related to vapor pressure and density of the product, can be used to indicate the presence of butane and heavier components in propane type LP-gas, and pentane and heavier components in propane-butane and butane type fuels. The presence of hydrocarbon compounds less volatile than those of which the LP-gas is primarily composed is indicated by an increase in the 95 % evaporated temperature.1.2 When the type and concentration of higher boiling components is required, chromatographic analysis should be used.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Volatility of Liquefied Petroleum (LP) Gases

ASTM E2079-00 限制气体和蒸气中氧浓度的标准试验方法

1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the limiting oxygen (oxidant) concentration of mixtures of oxygen (oxidant) and inert gases with flammable gases and vapors at a specified initial pressure and initial temperature.1.2 These test methods may also be used to determine the limiting concentration of oxidizers other than oxygen.1.3 Differentiation among the different combustion regimes (such as the hot flames, cool flames and exothermic reactions) is beyond the scope of these test methods.1.4 These test methods should be used to measure and describe the properties of materials, products, or assemblies in response to heat and flame under controlled laboratory conditions and should not be used to describe or appraise the fire hazard or fire risk of materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions. However, results of this test may be used as elements of a fire risk assessment which takes into account all of the factors which are pertinent to an assessment of the fire hazard of a particular end use.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Methods for Limiting Oxygen (Oxidant) Concentration in Gases and Vapors

ASTM D2784-98 测定液化石油气中硫的试验方法(氢氧灯或电灯)

1.1 This test method covers the determination of total sulfur in liquified petroleum gases containing more than 1 [mu]g/g. Specimens should not contain more than 100 [mu]g/g of halogens. 1.2 To attain the quantitative detectability that the method is capable of, stringent techniques must be employed and all possible sources of sulfur contamination must be eliminated. In particular, cleaning agents, such as common household detergents which contain sulfates, should be avoided. 1.3 The values given in acceptable metric units are to be regarded as the standard. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Sulfur in Liquefied Petroleum Gases (Oxy-Hydrogen Burner or Lamp)

ASTM D3588-98(2011) 气体燃料热值、压缩因子及相对密度计算的标准实施规程

The heating value is a measure of the suitability of a pure gas or a gas mixture for use as a fuel; it indicates the amount of energy that can be obtained as heat by burning a unit of gas. For use as heating agents, the relative merits of gases from different sources and having different compositions can be compared readily on the basis of their heating values. Therefore, the heating value is used as a parameter for determining the price of gas in custody transfer. It is also an essential factor in calculating the efficiencies of energy conversion devices such as gas-fired turbines. The heating values of a gas depend not only upon the temperature and pressure, but also upon the degree of saturation with water vapor. However, some calorimetric methods for measuring heating values are based upon the gas being saturated with water at the specified conditions. The relative density (specific gravity) of a gas quantifies the density of the gas as compared with that of air under the same conditions.1.1 This practice covers procedures for calculating heating value, relative density, and compressibility factor at base conditions (14.696 psia and 60°F (15.6°C)) for natural gas mixtures from compositional analysis. It applies to all common types of utility gaseous fuels, for example, dry natural gas, reformed gas, oil gas (both high and low Btu), propane-air, carbureted water gas, coke oven gas, and retort coal gas, for which suitable methods of analysis as described in Section 6 are available. Calculation procedures for other base conditions are given. 1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The SI units given in parentheses are for information only. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Practice for Calculating Heat Value, Compressibility Factor, and Relative Density of Gaseous Fuels

ASTM D3588-98(2003) 气体燃料热值及比重和相对密度的计算

The heating value is a measure of the suitability of a pure gas or a gas mixture for use as a fuel; it indicates the amount of energy that can be obtained as heat by burning a unit of gas. For use as heating agents, the relative merits of gases from different sources and having different compositions can be compared readily on the basis of their heating values. Therefore, the heating value is used as a parameter for determining the price of gas in custody transfer. It is also an essential factor in calculating the efficiencies of energy conversion devices such as gas-fired turbines. The heating values of a gas depend not only upon the temperature and pressure, but also upon the degree of saturation with water vapor. However, some calorimetric methods for measuring heating values are based upon the gas being saturated with water at the specified conditions. The relative density (specific gravity) of a gas quantifies the density of the gas as compared with that of air under the same conditions.1.1 This practice covers procedures for calculating heating value, relative density, and compressibility factor at base conditions (14.696 psia and 60176;F (15.6176;C)) for natural gas mixtures from compositional analysis. It applies to all common types of utility gaseous fuels, for example, dry natural gas, reformed gas, oil gas (both high and low Btu), propane-air, carbureted water gas, coke oven gas, and retort coal gas, for which suitable methods of analysis as described in Section 6 are available. Calculation procedures for other base conditions are given.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The SI units given in parentheses are for information only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Practice for Calculating Heat Value, Compressibility Factor, and Relative Density of Gaseous Fuels

ASTM D5287-97(2002) 气体燃料的自动抽样的标准操作规程

This practice should be used when and where a representative sample is required. A representative sample is necessary for accurate billing in custody transfer transactions. This practice is not intended to preempt existing contract agreements. Principles pertinent to this practice may be applied in most contractual agreements.1.1 This practice covers the collection of natural gases and their synthetic equivalents using an automatic sampler.1.2 This practice applies only to single-phase gas mixtures that vary in composition. A representative sample cannot be obtained from a two-phase stream.1.3 This practice includes the selection, installation, and maintenance of automatic sampling systems.1.4 This practice does not include the actual analysis of the acquired sample. Other applicable ASTM standards, such as Test Method D 1945, should be referenced to acquire that information.1.5 The selection of the sampling system is dependent on several interrelated factors. These factors include source dynamics, operating conditions, cleanliness of the source gases, potential presence of moisture and hydrocarbon liquids, and trace hazardous components. For clean, dry gas sources, steady source dynamics, and normal operating conditions, the system can be very simple. As the source dynamics become more complex and the potential for liquids increases, or trace hazardous components become present, the complexity of the system selected and its controlling logic must be increased. Similarly, installation, operation, and maintenance procedures must take these dynamics into account.1.6 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Practice for Automatic Sampling of Gaseous Fuels

ASTM D5305-97(2007) 测定液化石油气蒸气中乙硫醇的标准试验方法

LP-gas is colorless and odorless, and not detectable by normal human senses. To provide an olfactory warning in the event of a leak, LP-gas intended for domestic or commercial use is intentionally odorized so as to be readily detectable well below flammable or suffocating concentration levels of LP-gas in air. (See Appendix X1.) The most common odorant for LP-gas is ethyl mercaptan. The field use of this test method will rapidly determine the presence and concentration of ethyl mercaptan in LP-gas vapor without the necessity for complex laboratory equipment.1.1 This test method covers a rapid and simple procedure using length of stain tubes for field measurement of ethyl mercaptan in the vapor phase of LP-gas systems. Although length-of-stain tubes are available to detect ethyl mercaptan concentrations in the range of 0.5 to 120 parts per million volume (ppmv), this test method is specifically applicable to systems containing 5 ppmv or more of ethyl mercaptan in LP-gas vapors. Note 1 - A chromatographic technique can be used for more precise, quantitative determination of ethyl mercaptan in LP-gas.1.2 The values stated in SI (metric) units are to be regarded as the standard.This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Determination of Ethyl Mercaptan in LP-Gas Vapor

ASTM D1265-97 液化石油(LP)气取样(手工法)

1.1 This practice covers the procedures for obtaining representative samples of liquefied petroleum gases such as propane, butane, or mixtures thereof, in containers other than those used in laboratory testing apparatus. These procedures are considered adequate for obtaining representative samples for all routine tests for LP gases required by Specification D1835 except analysis by Test Method D2163. They are not intended for obtaining samples to be used for compositional analysis. A sample procedure that avoids changes in composition must be used for compositional analysis. Note 1-Practice D3700 describes a recommended method for obtaining a representative sample of a hydrocarbon fluid and the subsequent preparation of that sample for laboratory analysis. 1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Practice for Sampling Liquefied Petroleum (LP) Gases (Manual Method)

ASTM D2158-97e1 液化石油(LP)气中残留物的标准测试方法

1.1 This test method covers the determination of the extraneous materials weathering above 38176;C that are present in liquefied petroleum gases.1.2 Liquefied petroleum gases that contain alcohols to enhance their anti-icing behaviour can give erroneous results by this test method.1.3 The result can be expressed in terms of measured volumes or indices derived from these volumes. In either case, the test method provides an indication of the quantity and nature of materials in the product that are substantially less volatile than the liquefied petroleum gas hydrocarbons.1.4 Although this test method has been used to verify cleanliness and lack of heavy contaminants in propane for many years, it may not be sensitive enough to protect some equipment from operational problems or increased maintenance. A more sensitive test, able to detect lower levels of dissolved contaminants, may be required for some applications.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precautionary statements, see 6.9.

Standard Test Method for Residues in Liquefied Petroleum (LP) Gases

ASTM D5305-97(2002) 测定液化石油气蒸气中乙硫醇的标准试验方法

1.1 This test method covers a rapid and simple procedure using length of stain tubes for field measurement of ethyl mercaptan in the vapor phase of LP-gas systems. Although length-of-stain tubes are available to detect ethyl mercaptan concentrations in the range of 0.5 to 120 parts per million volume (ppmv), this test method is specifically applicable to systems containing 5 ppmv or more of ethyl mercaptan in LP-gas vapors. Note 18212;A chromatographic technique can be used for more precise, quantitative determination of ethyl mercaptan in LP-gas.1.2 The values stated in SI (metric) units are to be regarded as the standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Determination of Ethyl Mercaptan in LP-Gas Vapor

ASTM D2598-96(2001) 通过组分分析计算液化石油气的某些物理性质的标准实施规范

1.1 This practice covers, by compositional analysis, the approximate determination of the following physical characteristics of commercial propane and special-duty propane (covered by Specification D 1835): vapor pressure, relative density, and motor octane number (MON).1.2 This practice is not applicable to any product exceeding specifications for nonvolatile residues. (See Test Method D 2158.)1.3 For calculating motor octane number, this practice is applicable only to mixtures containing 20 % or less of propene.1.4 For calculated motor octane number in method, this practice is based on mixtures containing only components shown in .1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.

Standard Practice for Calculation of Certain Physical Properties of Liquefied Petroleum (LP) Gases from Compositional Analysis

ASTM D1142-95(2012) 露点温度法测定气体燃料中水蒸汽含量的标准试验方法

1.1 This test method covers the determination of the water vapor content of gaseous fuels by measurement of the dew-point temperature and the calculation therefrom of the water vapor content. Note 1???Some gaseous fuels contain vapors of hydrocarbons or other components that easily condense into liquid and sometimes interfere with or mask the water dew point. When this occurs, it is sometimes very helpful to supplement the apparatus in Fig. 1 with an optical attachment that uniformly illuminates the dew???point mirror and also magnifies the condensate on the mirror. With this attachment it is possible, in some cases, to observe separate condensation points of water vapor, hydrocarbons, and glycolamines as well as ice points. However, if the dew point of the condensable hydrocarbons is higher than the water vapor dew point, when such hydrocarbons are present in large amounts, they may flood the mirror and obscure or wash off the water dew point. Best results in distinguishing multiple component dew points are obtained when they are not too closely spaced. FIG. 1 Bureau of Mines Dew-Point Apparatus Note 2???Condensation of water vapor on the dew-point mirror may appear as liquid water at temperatures as low as 0 to8201;???10??F (???18 to8201;???23??C). At lower temperatures an ice point rather than a water dew point likely will be observed. The minimum dew point of any vapor that can be observed is limited by the mechanical parts of the equipment. Mirror temperatures as low as8201;???150??F (???100??C) have been measured, using liquid nitrogen as the coolant with a thermocouple attached to the mirror, instead of a thermometer well. 1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Water Vapor Content of Gaseous Fuels by Measurement of Dew-Point Temperature

ASTM D1142-95(2006) 露点温度法测定气体燃料中蒸汽含量的标准试验方法

Generally, contracts governing the pipeline transmission of natural gas contain specifications limiting the maximum concentration of water vapor allowed. Excess water vapor can cause corrosive conditions, degrading pipelines and equipment. It can also condense and freeze or form methane hydrates causing blockages. Water–vapor content also affects the heating value of natural gas, thus influencing the quality of the gas. This test method permits the determination of water content of natural gas.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the water vapor content of gaseous fuels by measurement of the dew-point temperature and the calculation therefrom of the water vapor content. Note 1Some gaseous fuels contain vapors of hydrocarbons or other components that easily condense into liquid and sometimes interfere with or mask the water dew point. When this occurs, it is sometimes very helpful to supplement the apparatus in with an optical attachment that uniformly illuminates the dew-point mirror and also magnifies the condensate on the mirror. With this attachment it is possible, in some cases, to observe separate condensation points of water vapor, hydrocarbons, and glycolamines as well as ice points. However, if the dew point of the condensable hydrocarbons is higher than the water vapor dew point, when such hydrocarbons are present in large amounts, they may flood the mirror and obscure or wash off the water dew point. Best results in distinguishing multiple component dew points are obtained when they are not too closely spaced.Note 2Condensation of water vapor on the dew-point mirror may appear as liquid water at temperatures as low as 0 to 10F (18 to 23C). At lower temperatures an ice point rather than a water dew point likely will be observed. The minimum dew point of any vapor that can be observed is limited by the mechanical parts of the equipment. Mirror temperatures as low as 150F (100C) have been measured, using liquid nitrogen as the coolant with a thermocouple attached to the mirror, instead of a thermometer well.This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Water Vapor Content of Gaseous Fuels by Measurement of Dew-Point Temperature

ASTM D1267-95(2001)e1 液化石油(LP)气(液化石油气法)蒸气气压的标准试验方法

1.1 This test method covers the determination of the gage vapor pressures of liquefied petroleum gas products at temperatures of 37.8176;C (100176;F) up to and including a test temperature of 70176;C (158176;F).1.2 The values stated in acceptable metric units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see 3.2.1 and Annex A2.

Standard Test Method for Gage Vapor Pressure of Liquefied Petroleum (LP) Gases (LP-Gas Method)

ASTM D1142-95(2000) 用露点温度测量法测定气体燃料中水蒸气含量的标准试验方法

1.1 This test method covers the determination of the water vapor content of gaseous fuels by measurement of the dew-point temperature and the calculation therefrom of the water vapor content. Note 1--Some gaseous fuels contain vapors of hydrocarbons or other components that easily condense into liquid and sometimes interfere with or mask the water dew point. When this occurs, it is sometimes very helpful to supplement the apparatus in with an optical attachment that uniformly illuminates the dew-point mirror and also magnifies the condensate on the mirror. With this attachment it is possible, in some cases, to observe separate condensation points of water vapor, hydrocarbons, and glycolamines as well as ice points. However, if the dew point of the condensable hydrocarbons is higher than the water vapor dew point, when such hydrocarbons are present in large amounts, they may flood the mirror and obscure or wash off the water dew point. Best results in distinguishing multiple component dew points are obtained when they are not too closely spaced.Note 2--Condensation of water vapor on the dew-point mirror may appear as liquid water at temperatures as low as 0 to -10oF (-18 to -23oC). At lower temperatures an ice point rather than a water dew point likely will be observed. The minimum dew point of any vapor that can be observed is limited by the mechanical parts of the equipment. Mirror temperatures as low as -150oF (-100oC) have been measured, using liquid nitrogen as the coolant with a thermocouple attached to the mirror, instead of a thermometer well.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Water Vapor Content of Gaseous Fuels by Measurement of Dew-Point Temperature

ASTM D4084-94(1999) 气体燃料中硫化氢分析的标准试验方法（醋酸铅反应速率法）

1.1 This test method covers the determination of hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S) in gaseous fuels. It is applicable to the measurement of H 2 S in natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), substitute natural gas, and mixtures of fuel gases. Air does not interfere. The applicable range is 0.1 to 16 parts per million by volume (ppm/v) (approximately 0.1 to 22 mg/m ) and may be extended to 100% H 2 S by manual or automatic volumetric dilution. 1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Analysis of Hydrogen Sulfide in Gaseous Fuels (Lead Acetate Reaction Rate Method)